Overview of SPD Techniques

Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) is an approach that refines grains and other structural features through plastically deformig materials to a very large strain.

Batch Processing: ECAP, HPT, MCF, RCS,

Continuous SPD: ARB, Conshearing, C2S2, ECAP_Conform

Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP)

Othe names:
Equal Channel Angular Extrusion (ECAE)
Equal Channel Angular (ECA)
Equal Channel Angular Forging

References:
Furukawa et al, J. Mater. Sci. 36, 2835 (2001).
Valiev et al, Prog. Mater. Sci. 45, 103 (2000).
Zhu & Lowe, Mater. Sci. Eng. A291, 46 (2000).

Unonstrained HPT

Constrained HPT

High Pressure Torsion (HPT)

Old Name:
Severe Plastic Torsional Straining (SPTS)

References:
Zhilyaev et al, Acta Mater. 51, 753 (2003).
Valiev et al, J. Mater. Res. 17, 7 (2002).
Jiang et al, Mater. Sci. Eng. A290, 128 (2000).

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Multipass Coin-Forging (MCF)

Reference:
Ghosh & Huangl, in Investigation and Application of Severe Plastic Deformation, Lowe & Valiev, ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht. p.29, 2000.

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Repetitive Corrugation and Straightening (RCS)

Other Names:
Constrained Groove Pressing (CGP)
Repeated Shear Deformation (RSD)

References:
Zhu et al, Metall. Mater. Trans. 32A, 1559 (2001).
Huang et al, Acta Mater. 49, 1497 (2001).
Shin et al, Mater. Sci. Eng. A328, 98 (2002)
Huh et al, Mater. Sci. Forum. 396, 447 (2002).
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Continuous SPD Techniques

Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB)

Reference:
Tsuji et al, Scripta Mater. 40, 795 (1999).

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Conshearing Process

Reference:
Saito et al, Scripta Mater. 42, 1139 (2000).

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Continuous Confined Strip Shearing (C2S2)

Reference:
Lee et al, Acta Mater. 42, 4005 (2002)

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ECAP-Conform

Reference:
Raab et al, Mater. Sci. Eng. A328, 30 (2004).

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